America's Cool Modernism

"As some American artists began to eliminate people and remove extraneous details from their compositions, they often employed neat, orderly brushwork or close-up, unemotional photography. Artists as diverse as Patrick Henry Bruce, John Covert, Georgia O'Keeffe, Paul Strand and Arthur Dove navigated European and American avant-garde circles, picking and choosing new ideas and methods. Inspiration ranged from Cubism and machine parts to new technologies, and they found ways to bring order to the modern world through extreme simplification. For them, abstraction involved absence and presence - the evacuation of human beings but also the desire to depict something that would not otherwise be visible or to render visible unseen natural processes like the passage of time, sound waves, or weather patterns. Their artworks provide a new context for the precisionist works in the subsequent sections and point to modern ideas about what art could be" c --Publisher's description. "This catalogue looks at a current in interwar American art that is relatively unknown. The familiar story of America in the 'roaring Twenties' is that of 'The Great Gatsby', the Harlem Renaissance, and the Machine Age; while the 1930s are known as the Steinbeckian world marked by the Depression and the New Deal. This exhibition focuses on the artists who grappled with the experience of modern America with a cool, controlled detachment, almost completely eliminating people from their pictures. For some artists this treatment reflected an ambivalence and anxiety about the modern world. Factories without workers and streets without people. Factories without workers and streets without people could seem strange and empty places. George Ault (1891-1948) and Niles Spencer (1893-1952) painted eerie factories with darkened windows. Their precise, orderly painting style adds to the unsettling atmosphere of their work. In 'Manhattan Bridge Loop' (1928), Edward Hopper (1882-1967) captured the stilled, quiet mood of the city, including a solitary pedestrian. For others, this cool treatment of contemporary America was a positive more response - an expression of optimism and pride. Skyscrapers and bridges become studies in geometry; and cities are cleansed and ordered with no crowds and no chaos. Louis Lozowick's (1892-1973) prints capture the energy of the city in curving sprawls and buildings soaring into the sky; while Ralston Crawford (1906-78) and Charles Sheeler (1883-1965) depicted the architecture of industrial America - factories, grain elevators, water plants - as the country's new cathedrals, glorious in their scale and feats of engineering, yet oddly emptied of people. The detached, frozen appearance of the scenes creates an uncertain or ambiguous atmosphere."