Ice and construction

This book focuses on the use of ice as a construction material, and the problems which ice causes in relation to structures. Possible applications of ice in construction are described, with a detailed discussion of the mechanical properties of ice. State-of-the-art descriptions of ice-making methods, melt protection methods and reinforcement of ice with other materials are given. Special problems in using ice as a construction material, such as melting and creep, are discussed and solutions are proposed. The bearing capacity of ice for construction and traffic is covered. Problems due to ice accretion on structures, such as on tall masts and offshore platforms, and to abrasion of offshore concrete structures by floating ice fields are considered.