The poetry of Arnórr jarlaskáld

Arnorr Thordarson jarlaskald 'Earls'-poet', born c. 1011 in western Iceland, spent most of his adult life in mainland Scandinavia and Orkney, and his poetry consists mainly of encomia for the kings Magnus and Haraldr of Norway, and for Earls Thorfinnr and Rognvaldr of Orkney, whose patronage of Arnorr is commemorated in his nickname. The corpus of his work is, by skaldic standards, large and well preserved. The verses, orally composed, were not written down in full, but are preserved as scattered quotations within manuscripts of prose sagas from the thirteenth century onwards. When reconstructed they form substantial remains of four main encomiastic poems, together with similar fragments, which celebrate the deeds of Arnorr's heroes, singing especially of triumphs in battle, but also of seaffaring, political manoeuvrings, and court customs. By his time, skaldic poetry had reached full maturity, and Arnorr, consummate master of the medium, uses its metrical and stylistic resources with wit and exuberance tempered with moderation.