Quadriremi vs. Vesuvio

Quadriremi vs. Vesuvio

by Domenico Carro

Part of collana Studia Archaeologica

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During the catastrophic Vesuvian eruption in 79 AD, Pliny the Elder set sail from Misenum with the quadriremes of his fleet to rescue the coastal populations threatened by the volcano. The knowledge of his humanitarian efforts was largely obscured by the death of the admiral himself, since such an event was the focus of the story written by his nephew, Pliny the Younger, our main source. However, the limited and fragmentary elements available allowed a cautious historical reconstruction of this rescue expedition, by linking the literary witnesses with the archaeological and volcanological evidence along the entire Vesuvian coast, with the concurrence of many other relevant disciplines, including Roman maritime history, psychology, nautical science, meteorology, oceanography and the art of naval command. The result is a complete representation, in broad outline, of this first major civil protection operation in history, carried out by the Roman ships within a terrifying cataclysm, with superhuman courage and with such determination to achieve results of great importance, taking into account the remarkable containment of the number of victims in the populous area buried by the eruption. Nel corso della catastrofica eruzione vesuviana del 79, Plinio il Vecchio prese il mare da Miseno con le quadriremi della sua flotta per soccorrere le popolazioni costiere minacciate dal vulcano. La conoscenza del suo intervento umanitario è stata ampiamente oscurata dalla morte dello stesso ammiraglio, poiché su tale evento si è focalizzato il racconto del nipote, Plinio il Giovane, la principale nostra fonte. Tuttavia, i pur limitati e frammentari elementi di cui disponiamo hanno consentito di procedere ad una cauta ricostruzione storica di questa missione di soccorso, correlando le testimonianze letterarie con le evidenze archeologiche e vulcanologiche lungo l’intera costa vesuviana, con il concorso di molte altre discipline pertinenti, incluse la storia marittima romana, la psicologia, la nautica, la meteorologia, l’oceanografia e l’arte del comando navale. Ne è scaturita una compiuta raffigurazione, a grandi linee, di questa prima grande operazione navale di protezione civile della storia, effettuata dalle quadriremi romane in presenza di un cataclisma terrificante, con un coraggio sovrumano e con una tale determinazione da conseguire dei risultati di sicuro rilievo, visto anche il considerevole contenimento del numero delle vittime sul popoloso litorale colpito dall’eruzione.

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