Omaha Beach

"The Allied victory at Omaha Beach was a costly one. A direct infantry assault against a defense that was years in the making, undertaken in daylight following a mere thirty-minute bombardment, the attack had neither the advantage of tactical surprise nor that of overwhelming firepower. The American forces that landed on the beach were forced to improvise under enemy fire, and although they were ultimately victorious, they suffered terrible casualties.". "Why did the Allies embark on an attack with so many disadvantages? Making extensive use of primary sources, Adrian Lewis traces the development of the doctrine behind the plan for the Invasion of Normandy. He examines the decisions made at the strategic, operational, and tactical levels as well as the personalities of and relationships between key decision makers to explain why the battles for the beaches were fought as they were.". "Although blame for the Omaha Beach disaster has traditionally been placed on tactical leaders at the battle site, Lewis reveals that most of the tactical leaders were opposed to the plan from the beginning. The real responsibility, he argues, lay at the higher levels of operations and strategy planning. Ignoring lessons learned in the Mediterranean and Pacific theaters, British and American military leaders employed a hybrid doctrine of amphibious warfare at Normandy, one that failed to maximize the advantages of either British or U.S. doctrine. Had Allied forces at the other landing sites faced German forces of the quality and quantity of those at Omaha Beach, Lewis says, they too would have suffered heavy casualties and faced the prospect of defeat."--BOOK JACKET.