Ottoman Haifa

Ottoman Haifa

by Alex Carmel

Book 2 of Library of Middle East history -- v.

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"Most analysts agree that Turkey's foreign policy is essentially peaceful, using diplomacy and multilateralism in the resolution of its conflicts with other states. Here, Umut Uzer offers a necessary corrective to this standard analysis by revealing the Kemalist influence in Turkey's state ideology. This defined the identity of the state as Turkish, resulting in responsibilities towards Turks residing beyond its borders, and a more engaged foreign policy that ranged from declarations of support for ethnic kin outside Turkey to outright takeover of territory. Focusing on the annexation of Hatay from Syria in 1939, Turkey's involvement in Cyprus culminating in a military operation in 1974 and its policy toward the Karabagh dispute between Azerbaijan and Armenia in the 1990s, "Identity and Turkish Foreign Policy" is indispensable for all those interested in Middle East politics and international relations as well as Turkey more specifically."--Bloomsbury publishing.

Discussion questions for Ottoman Haifa

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  1. 1

    How does Alex Carmel’s examination of Ottoman Haifa challenge or reshape your preconceived notions about urban development and coexistence in the late Ottoman Empire?

  2. 2

    In what ways does the physical transformation of Haifa from a small town into a bustling port city mirror the broader modernization struggles of the Middle East, and how do we see similar urban growing pains in cities today?

  3. 3

    Carmel highlights the interplay between local inhabitants, Ottoman administrators, and foreign powers; how do you think competing loyalties and outside influences affect a community's sense of identity?

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