La voyoucratie criminelle

Study on the criminal minds of former Haitian presidents, François Duvalier and Jean-Bernard Aristide. François Duvalier (1907-1971), known as Papa Doc, was the President of Haiti from 1957 until his death in 1971. Trained as a physician and known to his people as "Papa Doc," Duvalier ruled his country using violence and phony elections to hold down any opposition. Jean-Bertrand Aristide (1953) is a former Haitian priest and politician who became Haiti's first democratically elected president in 1990 after the long violent regimes of the Duvaliers. He was ousted from office in 1991 by military coup. The coup regime collapsed in 1994 under U.S. pressure. Aristide was then president again from 1994 to 1996 and from 2001 to 2004. However, Aristide was again ousted in the 2004 coup d'état after right-wing ex-army paramilitaries invaded the country from the Dominican Republic. Aristide was later forced into exile in the Central African Republic and South Africa. He finally returned to Haiti in 2011 after seven years in exile.