Immigration and Membership Politics in Western Europe

"Why are traditional nation-states newly defining membership and belonging? In the twenty-first century, several Western European states have attached obligatory civic-integration requirements as conditions for citizenship and residence, which include promoting language proficiency, country knowledge, and value commitments for immigrants. This book examines civic-integration-policy adoption and adaptation through both medium-N analysis and three paired comparisons to argue that while there is convergence in instruments, there is also significant divergence in policy purpose, design, and outcomes"--