To catch a spy

My dissertation examines the place the figure of the spy holds in twentieth-century imagination as reflected in literature and theater. Employing an interdisciplinary approach it uses psychoanalysis, philosophy and political theory to analyze literary texts. This analysis sets up a correspondence between the 'strange' thing we call literature and a certain elusive subject we call the spy. Its general tenet is that the spy's adventure in literature is also the adventure of literature. To Catch a Spy argues that literature becomes home to the spy when the disciplines charged with legislating for him break down. Most markedly, the spy's peculiarity challenges international law, which on the one hand is unable to sanction his actions, and on the other, cannot declare them a crime. My dissertation takes this impossibility of address as its point of departure. It shows that by embodying one of the law's blind spots the spy finds his/her home in literature, and that it is precisely to the law's blindness that espionage literature responds. It is thus, that 'To Catch a Spy' becomes an 'exploration in subjectivity.' The spy's malleable identity, his misleading disguises and persistent movement over and between borders--all of which defy his 'unity' and make him a legal 'impossibility'--become the scene of the modern subject's emergence. I examine five works of twentieth century literature and theater in French, English and German. My analysis is interdisciplinary in nature, as psychoanalysis, philosophy, and political theory converge to categorize this subject and identify his new home in the literary medium. Joseph Conrad's Secret Agent demonstrates how terror, allegory and irony--as literary tropes--come to be the place the spy inhabits. Jean Echenoz's Lac examines the spy's place in relation to the joke and the technological prosthesis. Alan Bennett's play A Question of Attribution opens the problem of the spy's theater as a scene for investigating perversion and performativity. Robbe-Grillet's recent novel, La Reprise, is a reading of Berlin's scarred post-war geography as a primal scene of espionage, and Brecht's encounters with the FBI become the scene to examine the drama of the writer/spy in his relationship to the Law. Together these works cohere into an examination of radical freedom, self creation and ethical commitment as the major attributes of both the modern subject, and of literature as his/her home and creative domain.