Required materials properties for high-efficiency CIGS modules

This paper discusses the material properties required for each layer of the CIGS device such that large-area CIGS modules can achieve efficiencies of >15%, substantially higher than the current industrial state of the art. The sensitivity of module performance to the important material parameters is quantified based on both experimental data and modeling. Necessary performance differences between small-area devices and large-area modules imposed by geometry are also quantified. Potential technical breakthroughs that may relax the requirements for each layer are discussed.