Directed differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into neocortical output neurons

During development of the neocortex, many diverse projection neuron subtypes are generated under regulation of cell-extrinsic and cell-intrinsic controls. One broad projection neuron class, corticofugal projection neurons (CFuPN), is the primary output neuron population of the neocortex. CFuPN axons innervate sub-cortical targets including thalamus, striatum, brainstem, and spinal cord.