A Yankee in a Confederate town

During the Civil War in the early 1860s, Calvin L. Robinson was a successful businessman in Jacksonville, Florida, transplanted from his native state of Vermont. Loyal to the Union and finding slave-holding repugnant, he refused to join the secessionist movement in the South. Targeted for his open sympathies for the Union, he would eventually lose his sawmills, his cash, his warehouse, and even his home. In this journal which he kept during that critical period of U.S, history, he describes the reign of terror in Jacksonville and Fernandina in the years from 1860 to 1864. He met secretly with other Unionists and even helped train a fighting unit. When the Union gunboats that promised safety failed to appear in time, he and his wife, Elizabeth, fled the burning city with their two young sons. Contrary to the prevailing opinions of historians, it was not the invading Union forces which burned the city but fellow southerners who were out to get him and the other Union sympathizers. After finding their way to New York City and then back to Vermont, the Robinson family was homeless for three years. Upon their return to Jacksonville, Calvin reestablished himself in the business community and again flourished. He founded an orphanage for black children. This journal was passed down from Calvin Robinson’s heirs and found its way into the hands of his great granddaughter, Anne Clancy, who transcribed and edited this important primary document from the Civil War.