Guns or butter

Guns or butter

by Irving Bernstein

1996

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About
The presidency of Lyndon Johnson was a pivotal moment in twentieth-century American history. From the decisive social programs of the Great Society, to the triumph of the Civil and Voting Rights Acts, to the catastrophe of the Vietnam War and domestic unrest, it was an era of dramatic accomplishment and wrenching tragedy. In Guns or Butter, renowned historian Irving Bernstein brings those five climactic years of the sixties vividly to life, from the moment Lee Harvey Oswald aimed a rifle from the window of the Texas School Depository to the tense ballot-counting that put Richard Nixon in the White House in 1968. From the dark moments after Kennedy's assassination in 1963, to the heady days of legislative victories of 1965, to the bloody crescendo of riots, assassinations, and military battles in 1968, Johnson's administration was a defining moment in modern American history. In Guns or Butter, Irving Bernstein brilliantly captures both the events and the meaning of those momentous years. Aside from its historical value, this book has major current significance. The legislative program Newt Gingrich and his Republican colleagues introduced in 1995 was designed to repeal the Great Society. Before doing so, members of Congress and the interested public should understand Lyndon Johnson's vision and the legislation that was enacted during the sixties. Guns or Butter provides that critical information.

Discussion questions for Guns or butter

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  1. 1

    How does Irving Bernstein’s framing of the "guns versus butter" dilemma—the conflict between funding domestic social welfare and waging foreign war—resonate with how governments allocate budgets and resources today?

  2. 2

    In what ways does Bernstein portray Lyndon Johnson’s complex personality, and how did his unique political background and ambition shape both his greatest legislative triumphs and his ultimate downfall?

  3. 3

    Considering the massive legislative achievements of the Great Society and the Civil Rights movement, how does the book evaluate the capacity of federal legislation to fundamentally transform American society for the better?

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