Mysterious Cup Marks

Papers from the International Cupule Conference held in Cochabamba, central Bolivia, from 17 to 23 July 2007. Contents: The first cupule conference: introduction and summary (Robert G. Bednarik); 1) Estimating the age of cupules (Robert G. Bednarik); 2) Cupules in Qatar: potential for determining minimum ages (Marvin W. Rowe and Brandon Chance); 3) Lower Palaeolithic cupules obtained from the excavations at Daraki-Chattan in India from 2002 to 2006 (Giriraj Kumar); 4) Relevance of site lithology and taphonomic logic to cupules (Robert G. Bednarik); 5) Discriminating between cupules and other rock markings (Robert G. Bednarik); 6) Robert G. Bednarik: The technology of cupule making (Robert G. Bednarik); 7) Understanding the creation of early cupules, with special reference to Daraki-Chattan in India (Giriraj Kumar); 8) The interpretation of cupules (Robert G. Bednarik); 9) Circular concavities in the rock art of the Cachiyacu River basin, Loreto, Peru (Gori Tumi Echevarria Lopez); 10) Pashash (Peru) cupules and significant figurations (Alberto Bueno Mendoza); 11) The ambiguity of depressions in rock art (Maarten van Hoek); 12) Cupules in Bolivia (Roy Querejazu Lewis); 13) A short ethnography of cupules (Robert G. Bednarik); 14) About lithophones (Robert G. Bednarik); 15) Thok'os or thoketos (cupules) (David Camacho).