The archaeology of city-states

The archaeology of city-states

by Deborah L. Nichols, Thomas H. Charlton

Part of Smithsonian series in archaeological inquiry

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Contending that the city-state was a significant cross-cultural regularity that developed among geographically and historically separated civilizations, fifteen prominent archaeologists and historians explore the emergence, structure, and function of city-states in Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, China, Greece, Okinawa, the Maya Lowlands, central Mexico, the coast of Peru, and the Andes. The contributors discuss area and population size, settlement patterns, economic organization, political systems, and duration.

Discussion questions for The archaeology of city-states

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  1. 1

    The book argues that the city-state was a "significant cross-cultural regularity." How did this central contention challenge or confirm your existing understanding of how complex societies evolve across different parts of the world?

  2. 2

    Among the diverse case studies presented (e.g., Mesopotamia, Maya, Greece, Okinawa), which one or two examples of city-states did you find most illuminating or surprising in their structure and function, and why?

  3. 3

    The contributors delve into area, population, settlement patterns, economic organization, and political systems. Which of these factors, in your view, emerged as the most consistently critical for defining or sustaining a city-state across the various cultures?

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